Impact Of Personal Factors On Individual Readiness For Organizational Change Among Academia In Balochistan
Keywords:
Academia, Individual Readiness, Organizational Change, Personal Factors, BalochistanAbstract
This study looks into how prepared employees are for organisational change and the impact specific personal aspects have on that readiness. The study was conducted in Balochistan’s higher education institutions i.e. universities using a survey method of research. The population of the study consisted of university teachers of Balochistan. Criterion sampling technique was used to recruit the sample of 101 university teachers. Data were collected through self reported close ended consolidated questionnaire which included various adopted scales. Data was analyzed through SPSS V20 using various techniques. The findings showed that the personal factors like employees’ previous experience of organizational change, employee’s trust in organizaion’s management, their social relationships at workplace and their commitment towards their organization have a significant impact on their readiness for organizational change. The study recommends that employees perform their best when provided with suitable work environment. Employees’ participation in change management and implementation of change be made possible.
References
Ali, A. J. (1996). Organizational development in the Arab world. Journal of Management Development, 15(5), 4-16.
Beer, M., & Nohria, N. (2000). Cracking the code of change. Harvard Business Review, 78(3), 133-141.
Bernerth, J. (2004). Expanding Our Understanding of the Change Message. Human Resource Development Review, 3(1), 36-52.
Bouckenooghe, D., Devos, G., & Buelens, M. (2007). Contribution of content, context, and process to understanding openness to organizational change: two experimental simulation studies. Journal of Social Psychology, 147(6), 607-629.
Check, J., & Schutt, R. K. (2012). Survey research. In J. Check, & R. K. Schutt, Research Methods in Education (pp. 159-185). California: Thousand Oaks.
Chiaburu, D. S., Lorinkova, N. M., & Dyne, L. V. (2013). Employees’ Social Context and Change Oriented Citizenship: A Meta-Analysis of Leader, Coworker, and Organizational Influences. Group and Organization Management, 38(3), 291-333.
Choi, M., & Ruona, W. E. (2011). Individual readiness for organizational change and its implications for human resource and organization development. Human Resource Development Review, 10, 46-73.
Cochran, J. K., Bromley, M. L., & Swando, M. (2002). Sheriff's deputies' receptivity to organizational change. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 25(3), 507-529.
Cummings, T. G., & Worley, C. G. (2015). Organizational Development and Change (10th ed.). Stamford, CT , USA: Cengage Learning.
Cunningham, C. E., Woodward, C. A., Shannon, H. S., Macintosh, J., Lendrum, B., Rosenbloom, D., & Brown, J. (2002). Readiness for organizational change: A longitudinal study of workplace, psychological and behavioural correlates. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75, 377-392.
Cunningham, C. E., Woodward, C., Shannon, H., MacIntosh, J., Lendrum, B., Rosenbloom, D., & Brown, J. (2010). Readiness for organizational change: A longitudinal study of workplace, psychological and behavioural correlates. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75(4), 377-392.
Daniel, D. T., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., & Harris , S. G. (2007). Readiness for Organizational Change: The Systematic Development of a Scale. The Journal of Applied Behavoiral Sciences, 43(2), 232-255.
Devos, G., Buelens, M., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2007). Contribution of Content, Context, and Process to Understanding Openness to Organizational Change: Two Experimental Simulation Studies. The Journal of Social Psychology, 147(6), 607–629.
Eby, L. T., Adams, D. M., Russell, J. E., & Gaby, S. H. (2000). Perceptions of Organizational Readiness for Change: Factors Related to Employees' Reactions to the Implementation of Team-Based Selling. Human Relations, 53, 419-422.
Eby, L., Adams, D. M., Russell, J. E., & Gaby, S. H. (2000). Perceptions of Organizational Readiness for Change: Factors Related to Employees' Reactions to the Implementation of Team-Based Selling. Human Relations, 53(3), 419-442.
Folkers, D. A. (2005). Competing in the marketspace: Incorporating online education into higher education - An organizational perspective. Information Resources Management Journal, 18(1), 61-77.
Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational research: An introduction. Boston: Pearson.
George, J. M., & Jones, G. R. (2001). Towards a Process Model of Individual Change in Organizations. Journal of Tropical Futures, 54(4), 419-444.
Greenhalgh, T., Robert, G., Macfarlane, F., Bate, P., & Kyriakidou, O. (2004). Diffusion of innovations in service organizations: Systematic review and recommendations. Milbank Quarterly, 82, 581-629.
Hanpachern, C. (1997). The Extension of the Theory of Margin: A Framework for Assessing Readiness for Change. Fort Collins, Colorado, CO: Colorado State University.
Hanpachern, C., Morgan, G. A., & Orlando, V. G. (1998). An extension of the theory of margin: A framework for assessing readiness for change. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 9(4), 339-350.
Huy, Q. N. (2002). Emotional Balancing of Organizational Continuity and Radical Change: The Contribution of Middle Managers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 47(1), 31-69.
Isabella, L. A. (1990). Evolving Interpretations as a Change Unfolds: How Managers Construe Key Organizational Events. The Academy of Management Journal, 33(1), 7-41.
Jansen, K. J. (2000). The emerging dynamics of change: Resistance, readiness, and momentum. Human Resource Planning, 23(2), 53-55.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Pucik, V., & Welbourne, T. M. (1999). Managerial coping with organizational change: A dispositional perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(1), 107-122.
Kiefer, T. (2002). Understanding the emotional experience of organizational change: Evidence from a merger4(1), 39–61. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 4(1), 39-61.
Korsgaard, M. A., Sapienza, H. J., & Schweiger, D. M. (2002). Beaten before begun: the role of procedural justice in planning change. Journal of Management, 28(4), 497-516.
Lane, I. F. (2007). Change in Higher Education: Understanding and Responding to Individual and Organizational Resistance. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 34(2), 85-92.
Lincoln, J. R., & Kalleberg, A. L. (1985). Work organization and workforce commitment: a studyof plants and employees in the US and Japan. American Sociological Review, 50, 738-760.
Lind, A. E., & Tyler, T. R. (1988). The Social Psychology of Procedural Justice. New York, NY: Springer.
Mangundjaya, W. L. (2013). Leadership, Readiness for Change and Commitment to Change. . New Management for the New Economy, (pp. 199-205). Bucharest, Romania.
McBride, T. (2010). Organisational theory perspective on process capability measurement scales. Journal of Software Maintenance and Evolution: Research and Practice, 22(4), 243-254.
Michela, J. L., & Vena, J. (2012). A dependence-regulation account of psychological distancing in response to major organizational change. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), 77-94.
Mintzberg, H., & Westley, F. (1992). Cycles of organizational change. Strategic Management Journal, 13(S2), 39-59.
Morgan, D. E., & Zeffane, R. (2003). Employee involvement, organizational change and trust in management. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 14(1), 55-75.
Mowday, R. T., Steers, R. M., & Porter, L. W. (1979). The measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 14, 224-247.
Mowday, R., Porter, L., & Steers, R. (1982). Employee—Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Porras, J. I., & Robertson, P. J. (1992). Organizational development: Theory, practice, and research. In M. D. Dunnette, & L. M. Hough, Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 719-822). Palo Alto, California: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M., Mowday, R. T., & Boulian, P. V. (1974). Organizational commitment, Job satisfaction, and Turnover among Psychiatric Technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 59(5), 603-609.
Qureshi, M. A., Waseem, N., Qureshi, J. A., & Afshan, S. (2018). Impact of Organizational Commitment on Readiness for Change:A Case of Higher Learning Institutions of Karachi. JISR Management and Social Sciences & Economics, 16(1), 1-14.
Rafferty, A. E., & Simons, R. H. (2006). An examination of the antecedents of readiness for fine-tuning and corporate transformation changes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 20(3), 325-350.
Rafferty, A. E., & Simons, R. H. (2006). An Examination of the Antecedents of Readiness for Fine-Tuning and Corporate Transformation Changes. Journal of Business and psychology, 20(3), 325-350.
Reiss, S., Prentice, L., Schulte-Cloos, C., & Jonas, E. (2019). Organizational change as threat – from implicit anxiety to approach through procedural justice. (GIO), 50(2), 145–161. Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie, 50(2), 145-161.
Remeeus, E. (2020). The influence of organizational commitment on individual readiness for change. Tilburg, Netherlands: Tilburg University.
Rismansyah, Adam, M., Hanafi, A., & Yuliani. (2022). Readiness for Organizational Change. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 647, 360-368.
Schneider, b., Brief, A. G., & Guzzo, R. A. (1996). Creating a Climate and Culture for Sustainable Organizational Change. Organizational Dynamics, 24(4), 7-19.
Sirkia, R. (2021). Organization in change - employees experience of change management and work-wellbeing after a process of system upgrade. Helsinki, Finland: Haaga-Helia University of Applied Sciences.
Soumyaja, D., Kamlanabhan, T. J., & Bhattacharyya, S. (2015). Antecedents of Employee Readiness for Change: Mediating Effect of Commitment to Change. Management Studies and Economic Systems, 2(1), 11-25.
Tzafrir, S., & Dolan, S. L. (2004). Trust Me: A Scale for Measuring Manager-Employee Trust. Management Research, 2(2), 115-132.
Van de Ven, A. H., & Poole, M. S. (1995). Explaining Development and Change in Organizations. The Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 510-540.
Wanous, J. P., Reichers, A. E., & Austin, J. T. (2000). Cynicism about Organizational Change:Measurement, Antecedents and Correlates. Group and Organization Management, 25(2), 132-153.
Weber, P. S., & Weber, J. E. (2001). Changes in employee perceptions during organizational change. Leadership & Organization Development Journal,, 22(6), 291-300.
Williams, C. (2011). Research methods. 5(3), Journal of Business and Economics Research.
Winslow, C. J., Sabat, I. E., Anderson, A. J., Kaplan, S. A., & Miller, S. J. (2019). Development of a Measure of Informal Workplace Social Interactions. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1-8.
Woodman, R. W. (1995). Managing creativity. In C. M. Ford, & D. A. Gioia, Creative action in organizations (pp. 60-64). Newbury Park: SAGE Publications.
Yousef, D. A. (2000). Organizational commitment: a mediator of the relationships of leadership behavior with job satisfaction and performance in a non-western country. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(1), 6-24.
