Journal of Education And Humanities Research (JEHR), University of Balochistan, Quetta

Unfolding the Socio-Economic Impacts of CPEC on Balochistan

Rahat Naseem Ahmed Khan — 2025-12-31

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a transformative initiative under China’s Belt and Road Initiative, positioning Baluchistan as a pivotal region for regional connectivity and economic growth. This study examines the socio-economic impacts of CPEC on Baluchistan by analyzing completed, ongoing, and planned projects, with a focus on their influence on employment, trade, investment, and social development. Key infrastructure projects such as the development of Gwadar Port, the Gwadar Free Zone, road and rail networks, and energy projects have already created opportunities for enhanced connectivity and industrial growth, though concerns remain about the extent of local participation. Ongoing projects, including Gwadar International Airport, desalination plants, and special economic zones, are expected to further accelerate economic activities, while future initiatives such as the Gwadar Oil Refinery and Free Zone expansion highlight the province’s long-term role in regional trade. Beyond economics, CPEC has implications for education, healthcare, housing, and demographic shifts due to migration and urbanization. However, challenges such as unequal distribution of benefits, environmental risks, and security concerns persist. The findings suggest that CPEC has the potential to reshape Baluchistan’s socio-economic landscape, but its success depends on inclusive policies, workforce development, and transparent governance to ensure that the local population meaningfully benefits from the transformation.

Effects of Climate Change in Baluchistan: Analyzing Community Resilience and Government Measures

Asmat Ullah — 2025-12-31

Climate change poses a critical threat to the ecological and socio-economic fabric of Baluchistan, Pakistan’s largest yet most climate-vulnerable province. This assignment examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on the region’s environment, agriculture, water resources, and livelihoods. Drawing on global and national climate frameworks, the study highlights Baluchistan’s unique vulnerabilities exacerbated by recurring droughts, erratic rainfall, and infrastructure deficits. It evaluates community-based resilience and adaptation strategies, alongside institutional responses by federal and provincial bodies. While the Government of Pakistan has formulated climate policies and action plans, implementation gaps, coordination issues, and resource limitations persist. Community resilience initiatives show promise but remain localized and underfunded. Key challenges include policy fragmentation, limited research, and inadequate early warning systems. The study concludes with strategic recommendations to enhance adaptive capacity, including inclusive planning, integrated water resource management, and climate-resilient infrastructure. A coordinated, well-funded, and science-driven response is essential to safeguard Baluchistan’s future in the face of escalating climate risks.

Effect Of Developmental Assessment Technique on Higher Order Thinking Skills of General Science Students at Elementary Level

Syeda Samana Ali Bukhari — 2025-12-31

This study was designed to explore the effect of developmental assessment technique on higher order thinking skills of students of grade 7. Griffin (2014) presented an approach of developmental assessment for creating evidence base intervention in teaching. Developmental assessment in this study, was independent variable, which helped identifying learning needs or current learning level for every student and focus of teaching, specifically targeting higher-order skills. The present research used qusai experimental design equivalent sample time series to implement a predetermined pattern of teaching. The study selected an intact group of at least 45 female students in Class 7, from a public school in Rawalpindi with mixed socio-economic status, ensuring homogeneity. Three units (Dispersion of Light, Water, Pollination) were selected because of their percentage of content to be taught in HOT skills. Students were assessed for their readiness levels in different higher-order thinking levels, based on these levels (application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation), through pre-test (total three) and then grouped accordingly. The pre-test results shape subsequent instructions and lessons were designed for the targeted learning level, supplemented with home activities tailored to individual levels. At the end of each unit a post test is conducted to assess improvements in HOT skills and this process is repeated for all three units. Across three units, significant improvement is observed in all sub levels of HOT skills for the experimental group. The repeated measure ANOVA and paired sample t-tests yielded a highly significant level of 0.00, indicating the experimental group's substantial improvement in HOT skills. The study reveals that planning teaching based on students' current achievement levels i.e. developmental assessment effectively enhances higher-order thinking skills.

Student-Centered Curriculum And Its Dimensions In Bachelor Of Science In Interior Design (BSID): Basis For A Proposed Development Plan

CYNTHIA G. Leyson — 2025-12-31

The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Memorandum Order 2016 on the Bachelor of Science in Interior Design (BSID) curriculum advocates for curriculum improvement, emphasizing the necessity of a systematic evaluation mechanism in meeting educational goals. This study examines student-centered curriculum in interior design, focusing on demographics, evaluation, and assessment effectiveness. It uses a quantitative-descriptive research design and Pearson Correlation Coefficient to analyze responses. 278 respondents evaluated their achievements in interior design. Welch's t-test and Mann-Whitney U Test were used to see whether there was a significant difference between students and teachers on any of the factors. The student-centered curriculum had the highest mean, indicating widespread support. The dimension of curriculum evaluation had the highest mean and standard deviation. The curriculum philosophy component had the highest mean, with strong support from both students and teachers. The findings show a positive correlation between a student-centered curriculum and perceptions of curriculum evaluation dimensions, and a small but genuine link between the two. Finally, there are no statistically significant differences between students and teachers in terms of student-centered curriculum or curriculum assessment efficacy. This study includes conclusions and a proposed development plan.

Socio-Economic Impacts of Drought on Agriculture Sector and Farmers Adaptive Mechanism in District Pishin, Balochistan

Fareeda Tareen — 2025-12-31

The socioeconomic effects of drought on the agricultural industry and farmers' coping strategies are investigated in this study in District Pishin, Balochistan, an area that is particularly susceptible to climate change. A mixed-methods strategy was used to gather data from 150 farmers using stratified random sampling, which included both qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys. Results indicate that frequent droughts have caused sharp drops in agricultural productivity, income, and food security, which disproportionately affect marginalized and small-scale farmers. Without institutional support, farmers' coping mechanisms—such as crop diversification, water conservation, and migration—are frequently insufficient. The results highlight the necessity of improved early warning systems, climate-smart agriculture, and focused policy initiatives to increase resilience. This study closes a significant gap in regional drought impact analyses and provides policymakers with useful suggestions.

Humanistic Approach beyond Pedagogical Strategies: An Analytical Study of Trailer The Holdovers

Ayesha Bibi — 2025-12-31

As the world becomes more interconnected and diverse, education has to follow suit not only to develop academic skills but to enhance humanistic values. Humanistic teaching approaches based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Carl Rogers' person-centered theory enhance the pedagogy for emotional development. This study analyzes the trailer of The Holdovers to juxtapose two different methodologies of teaching rooted in strict discipline versus teaching rooted in empathy and relational connection. Results show that emotional safety, psychological well-being, and empathy are vital for students to succeed in their studies. These factors help nurture internal motivation, self-esteem, and self-actualization. The interactions between students and teachers, as shown in the film, highlight the importance of student-centered learning environments built on trust, autonomy, and honest relationships. This analysis calls for a teaching approach that focuses on humanistic learning methods. These methods promote both academic and emotional growth. Education should be viewed not just as a way to transfer knowledge, but as a means to support the overall development of the student.